Marketing efficiency perspective of sustainable <i>Andaliman</i> agroforestry in Humbang Hasundutan Regency

Indonesia has so many herbal medicinal plants and spices that are endemic location-specific since it a very vast tropical rainforest area. One of them is Andaliman ( Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC). This species sensitive to climate location changes the farmers only have around 5 trees planted in between any other kind their agroforestry land on average. There an undeveloped promising future for competitiveness improvement Indonesia’s herbs spices. study was accomplished investigate marketing efficiency Humbang Hasundutan Regency accommodate stakeholders formulating policies progress 's competitiveness. The results showed all ’s channels research area were efficient. most efficient Channel II, followed by III, last position seated I. Marketing losses labour costs at top list as largest costs, they truly needed be optimized almost channel levels types improve efficiency. Therefore, referring these results, we composed suggestion farmers' welfare doing simple processing such into several dried packaged products easier use, long-last, attractive, well combining more production with distribution shorter channels. will encourage maintain farming option sustainable natural.